正文 第一百一十二章 利用通宝(第1页/共2页)
看完问礼的壁画，我注意到壁画旁堆放着很多的木箱子。
我心生好奇，“这些箱子里是什么？”
借着微弱的光线，我慢慢的摸索过去，把一个木箱掀开，一股铜锈的味道扑了上来。
“铜钱？这味道，难怪自古以来文人雅士对这嗤之以鼻。”我暗嘲着，随手拿起一枚。
这枚铜币，满是蓝绿色的铜锈。“看来含铜量很高的。”
“利用通宝。”我看着铜币上的四个字，有些迷糊。
我思索着，这是什么时期铸造的钱币。
吴三桂及其政权的铸钱活动对清初的云贵及中国南方广大地区的经济曾起到了深远的影响。但是，其中的若干问题到目前为止仍然不是很清晰，如“利用通宝”确切的铸行时间，“利用”一词的含义，这些货币的铸行量和流通范围等，都还没有定论，也较少有学者进行专题研究。由于文献的缺乏，对吴三桂及其政权的铸币工艺、钱币成分及与当地冶铜业的关系等问题，则更是少有人涉及。
康熙元年，吴三桂杀南明永历帝朱由榔于昆明。清廷晋封吴三桂为平西亲王，同时将贵州省亦归其管辖。吴三桂遂久镇云贵。进入云贵之初，吴三桂一边着手擒杀永历帝，一边平定诸土司，因此需要大批资金解决军费、恢复地方经济。当时吴三桂曾上疏康熙帝请求就地铸钱，供给当地货币流通所需，但清并没有给吴三桂铸造制钱的权力，而是以宝泉、江宁所铸铜钱供给云南。由于宝泉、江宁两局的铸钱不能及时地运到云南，无法满足当地货币流通的需要，给当地的经济带来严重的影响。在这种情况下，为了解决军费开支，发展地方经济，吴三桂在疏请铸钱未果的情况下，开始利用辖区内的铜矿资源及孙可望与永历政权在当地旧有的钱座、设备及工匠铸行“利用通宝”铜钱。吴三桂最初铸行了“利用通宝”折银钱，铸钱的主要目的是增加地方收入，解决军需。钱币的性质是地方性货币。康熙十二年十一月吴三桂反清，在其控制的区域里继续铸造“利用通宝”，此时的“利用通宝”已经成为吴三桂独立政权发行的货币，钱币的铸造范围也扩大到了湖南和广西。“利用通宝”有光背小平钱，背“雲”、“貴”的纪地钱，以及背“厘”、“二厘”、“五厘”、“壹分”、“一分”的多种折银钱，各种钱的版式非常之多。此时，吴三桂铸钱目的是希望通过货币流通扩大自己在中国南方的政治影响力，同时也对清宣布了独立。康熙十七年，吴三桂在衡州称帝，改元昭武，改衡州为定天府。称帝后，吴三桂铸行“昭武通宝”年号钱。“昭武通宝”钱有两个系统，一个系统是篆书“昭武通宝”，面文直读，有大小两种，大钱背铸“壹分”以示折银“壹分”；另一个系统为楷书“昭武通宝”铜钱，只有小平钱一种，分光背和背
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